<?xml version="1.0"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en">
	<id>http://www.medievalnubia.info/dev/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Yusuf_al-Kindi</id>
	<title>Yusuf al-Kindi - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.medievalnubia.info/dev/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Yusuf_al-Kindi"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.medievalnubia.info/dev/index.php?title=Yusuf_al-Kindi&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-06T21:36:42Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.41.1</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.medievalnubia.info/dev/index.php?title=Yusuf_al-Kindi&amp;diff=4087&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Seignobos at 10:35, 28 February 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.medievalnubia.info/dev/index.php?title=Yusuf_al-Kindi&amp;diff=4087&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-02-28T10:35:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:35, 28 February 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l9&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Brockelmann S 1, 229 f., Sezgin 1, 358; EI (s.v.)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Brockelmann S 1, 229 f., Sezgin 1, 358; EI (s.v.)&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;K. ūmara&#039; Miṣr; K. al-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qudat&lt;/del&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;K. ūmara&#039; Miṣr; K. al-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;quḍat&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ed.:	Rh. Guest, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Book of Governors and Judges of Egypt&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Leiden - London 1912, Baghdad 1954.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ed.:	Rh. Guest, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Book of Governors and Judges of Egypt&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Leiden - London 1912, Baghdad 1954.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l16&quot;&gt;Line 16:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 16:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;Abdalla b. Sa&#039;d raided the &#039;&#039;Asāwid&#039;&#039; as far as Dunqula in the year 31 [652 A.D.]. He fought a hard battle with &#039;&#039;&#039;[p. 145]&#039;&#039;&#039; them. On that day Mu&#039;āwia b. Hudayj, Abū Sahm b. Abraha b. as-Saffāh and Huyuway b. Nashir each lost an eye. Then &#039;Abdalla b. Sa&#039;d made a truce with them. Their &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;the Arabs&#039;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;) &lt;/del&gt;poet said:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;Abdalla b. Sa&#039;d raided the &#039;&#039;Asāwid&#039;&#039; as far as Dunqula in the year 31 [652 A.D.]. He fought a hard battle with &#039;&#039;&#039;[p. 145]&#039;&#039;&#039; them. On that day Mu&#039;āwia b. Hudayj, Abū Sahm b. Abraha b. as-Saffāh and Huyuway b. Nashir each lost an eye. Then &#039;Abdalla b. Sa&#039;d made a truce with them. Their &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/ins&gt;the Arabs&#039;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;] &lt;/ins&gt;poet said:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;Never did my eye see a day like Dunqula&amp;#039;s.&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;Never did my eye see a day like Dunqula&amp;#039;s.&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The horses advancing loaded with heavy breast-plates. I had the following statement from Ibn Qudayd: [&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;isnad &lt;/del&gt;omitted]:	&#039;Between the people of Egypt (&#039;&#039;ahl Miṣr&#039;&#039;)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The Arabs of Egypt.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and the &#039;&#039;Asāwid&#039;&#039; there exists no peace agreement (&#039;&#039;ʿahd&#039;&#039;), but only a truce (&#039;&#039;hudnat &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;aman&lt;/del&gt;&#039;&#039;) binding both sides. We give them wheat and lentils, and they give us slaves (&#039;&#039;raqīq&#039;&#039;). The following statement is from Ibn Lahī&#039;a: - &#039;[The Nubians] do not mind to take slaves from their own people or from others.&#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The horses advancing loaded with heavy breast-plates.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;I had the following statement from Ibn Qudayd: [&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;isnād &lt;/ins&gt;omitted]:	&#039;Between the people of Egypt (&#039;&#039;ahl Miṣr&#039;&#039;)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The Arabs of Egypt.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and the &#039;&#039;Asāwid&#039;&#039; there exists no peace agreement (&#039;&#039;ʿahd&#039;&#039;), but only a truce (&#039;&#039;hudnat &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;amān&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&#039;) binding both sides. We give them wheat and lentils, and they give us slaves (&#039;&#039;raqīq&#039;&#039;). The following statement is from Ibn Lahī&#039;a: - &#039;[The Nubians] do not mind to take slaves from their own people or from others.&#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibn Lahī&amp;#039;a also said: &amp;quot;I heard Yazīd b. Abī Habīb saying: &amp;#039;My father was one of the captives of Dunqula.&amp;#039;&amp;quot; (R. Guest, pp. 11 - 13).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibn Lahī&amp;#039;a also said: &amp;quot;I heard Yazīd b. Abī Habīb saying: &amp;#039;My father was one of the captives of Dunqula.&amp;#039;&amp;quot; (R. Guest, pp. 11 - 13).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[Yazīd b. at-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Turki&lt;/del&gt;, 856-857 A.D. says:]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[Yazīd b. at-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Turkī&lt;/ins&gt;, 856-857 A.D. says:]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The prestige of Jabīr&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;One of the leaders of the Arab rebels in Egypt.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  was growing more and more: people from all parts rallied to him. He was also joined by Abū Harmalah an-Nūbī, an audacious man, whom Jabīr appointed chief of [the district of] Sanhūr. Abū Harmalah then held this district with a very numerous army, associated with himself Ibn Assāmah al-Ma&amp;#039;ārifī and entrusted to him the command over Bānā, Būsīr and Samannud, while Abū Harmalah remained at Sharqiyyūn. (Guest, p.206)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The prestige of Jabīr&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;One of the leaders of the Arab rebels in Egypt.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  was growing more and more: people from all parts rallied to him. He was also joined by Abū Harmalah an-Nūbī, an audacious man, whom Jabīr appointed chief of [the district of] Sanhūr. Abū Harmalah then held this district with a very numerous army, associated with himself Ibn Assāmah al-Ma&amp;#039;ārifī and entrusted to him the command over Bānā, Būsīr and Samannud, while Abū Harmalah remained at Sharqiyyūn. (Guest, p.206)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l30&quot;&gt;Line 30:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 32:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[Ibn Ṭūlūn, 869-884 A.D. says:]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[Ibn Ṭūlūn, 869-884 A.D. says:]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, the Alide, had risen up in the Ṣa&#039;īd of Miṣr. ... This happened in the year 253 [867 A.D.]. He  &#039;&#039;&#039;[p. 146]&#039;&#039;&#039;  entered Esna in the [month of] Dhū-l-Qa&#039;da of the year 255 [Oct. - Nov. 870 A.D.], pillaged the town and massacred the population. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Ibn Azdād with a troop: aṣ-Ṣūfī attacked him at Hū, on Wednesday 5 Rabī&#039; al-Awwal of the year 256 [10 Febr. 870 A.D.] and Ibn Azdād was defeated. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn then sent Buhm Ibn Ḥusayn with an army, together with Ibn Ujayf. This army left for the Ṣa&#039;īd on Thursday 19 Rabī&#039;al-Awwal 256 [24.Febr. 870 A.D.] and joined battle with him in the outskirts of Akhmīn, on Thursday 3 Rabī&#039; al-Ākhīr [10 March], and Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī was defeated. Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, then withdrew towards al-Wāḥ [the Oasis] and settled at Tanis (Tinnis?), and later at Ashmunein in the month of Muḥarram of the year [2]59 [= Nov. - Dec. 872 A.D.]. Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Abū Mughīth with a force of five hundred men. [Abū Mughīth marched on him] but found that Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī had left for Aswān to fight against &#039;Abdalla al-Omari, who is Ibn &#039;Abd al-Hamīd b. &#039;Abdalla b. &#039;Abd al-&#039;Αzīz b. &#039;Abdalla b. Abdalla b. &#039;Umar al-Khaṭṭāb. The two fought a battle in which al-Omari beat Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his army. ... Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī returned to Aswān and cut three hundred thousand palm-trees, [property] of the natives of Aswān. The news of this devastation, spread far and wide. Then Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent one Ibn Sīmā with reinforcements to Buhm b. al-Ḥusayn. As trouble developed between Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his men, Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī abandoned them and went to &#039;Aydhāb, whence he embarked for Mecca. He remained there until Ibn Ṭūlūn asked for his extradition and put him in jail, but, later on, he [Ibn Ṭūlūn] freed him. Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī went to Medina, where he died, (ibid., pp. 213 - 214).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, the Alide, had risen up in the Ṣa&#039;īd of Miṣr. ... This happened in the year 253 [867 A.D.]. He  &#039;&#039;&#039;[p. 146]&#039;&#039;&#039;  entered Esna in the [month of] Dhū-l-Qa&#039;da of the year 255 [Oct. - Nov. 870 A.D.], pillaged the town and massacred the population. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Ibn Azdād with a troop: aṣ-Ṣūfī attacked him at Hū, on Wednesday 5 Rabī&#039; al-Awwal of the year 256 [10 Febr. 870 A.D.] and Ibn Azdād was defeated. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn then sent Buhm Ibn Ḥusayn with an army, together with Ibn Ujayf. This army left for the Ṣa&#039;īd on Thursday 19 Rabī&#039; al-Awwal 256 [24.Febr. 870 A.D.] and joined battle with him in the outskirts of Akhmīn, on Thursday 3 Rabī&#039; al-Ākhīr [10 March], and Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī was defeated. Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, then withdrew towards al-Wāḥ [the Oasis] and settled at Tanis (Tinnis?), and later at Ashmunein in the month of Muḥarram of the year [2]59 [= Nov. - Dec. 872 A.D.]. Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Abū Mughīth with a force of five hundred men. [Abū Mughīth marched on him] but found that Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī had left for Aswān to fight against &#039;Abdalla al-Omari, who is Ibn &#039;Abd al-Hamīd b. &#039;Abdalla b. &#039;Abd al-&#039;Αzīz b. &#039;Abdalla b. Abdalla b. &#039;Umar al-Khaṭṭāb. The two fought a battle in which al-Omari beat Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his army. ... Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī returned to Aswān and cut three hundred thousand palm-trees, [property] of the natives of Aswān. The news of this devastation, spread far and wide. Then Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent one Ibn Sīmā with reinforcements to Buhm b. al-Ḥusayn. As trouble developed between Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his men, Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī abandoned them and went to &#039;Aydhāb, whence he embarked for Mecca. He remained there until Ibn Ṭūlūn asked for his extradition and put him in jail, but, later on, he [Ibn Ṭūlūn] freed him. Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī went to Medina, where he died, (ibid., pp. 213 - 214).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Literary Sources]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Literary Sources]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seignobos</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.medievalnubia.info/dev/index.php?title=Yusuf_al-Kindi&amp;diff=3887&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Adam Simmons at 14:21, 21 February 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.medievalnubia.info/dev/index.php?title=Yusuf_al-Kindi&amp;diff=3887&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-02-21T14:21:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:21, 21 February 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l16&quot;&gt;Line 16:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 16:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;Abdalla b. Sa&#039;d raided the &#039;&#039;Asāwid&#039;&#039; as far as Dunqula in the year 31 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;652 A.D.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/del&gt;. He fought a hard battle with &#039;&#039;&#039;[p. 145]&#039;&#039;&#039; them. On that day Mu&#039;āwia b. Hudayj, Abū Sahm b. Abraha b. as-Saffāh and Huyuway b. Nashir each lost an eye. Then &#039;Abdalla b. Sa&#039;d made a truce with them. Their (the Arabs&#039;) poet said:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;Abdalla b. Sa&#039;d raided the &#039;&#039;Asāwid&#039;&#039; as far as Dunqula in the year 31 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/ins&gt;652 A.D.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/ins&gt;. He fought a hard battle with &#039;&#039;&#039;[p. 145]&#039;&#039;&#039; them. On that day Mu&#039;āwia b. Hudayj, Abū Sahm b. Abraha b. as-Saffāh and Huyuway b. Nashir each lost an eye. Then &#039;Abdalla b. Sa&#039;d made a truce with them. Their (the Arabs&#039;) poet said:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;Never did my eye see a day like Dunqula&amp;#039;s.&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;Never did my eye see a day like Dunqula&amp;#039;s.&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The horses advancing loaded with heavy breast-plates. I had the following statement from Ibn Qudayd: [isnad omitted]:	&#039;Between the people of Egypt (&#039;&#039;ahl Miṣr&#039;&#039;)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The Arabs of Egypt.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and the &#039;&#039;Asāwid&#039;&#039; there exists no peace agreement (&#039;&#039;ʿahd&#039;&#039;), but only a truce (&#039;&#039;hudnat aman&#039;&#039;) binding both sides. We give them wheat and lentils, and they give us slaves (&#039;&#039;raqīq&#039;&#039;). The following statement is from Ibn Lahī&#039;a: - &#039;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;The Nubians&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;) &lt;/del&gt;do not mind to take slaves from their own people or from others.&#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The horses advancing loaded with heavy breast-plates. I had the following statement from Ibn Qudayd: [isnad omitted]:	&#039;Between the people of Egypt (&#039;&#039;ahl Miṣr&#039;&#039;)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The Arabs of Egypt.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and the &#039;&#039;Asāwid&#039;&#039; there exists no peace agreement (&#039;&#039;ʿahd&#039;&#039;), but only a truce (&#039;&#039;hudnat aman&#039;&#039;) binding both sides. We give them wheat and lentils, and they give us slaves (&#039;&#039;raqīq&#039;&#039;). The following statement is from Ibn Lahī&#039;a: - &#039;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/ins&gt;The Nubians&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;] &lt;/ins&gt;do not mind to take slaves from their own people or from others.&#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibn Lahī&amp;#039;a also said: &amp;quot;I heard Yazīd b. Abī Habīb saying: &amp;#039;My father was one of the captives of Dunqula.&amp;#039;&amp;quot; (R. Guest, pp. 11 - 13).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibn Lahī&amp;#039;a also said: &amp;quot;I heard Yazīd b. Abī Habīb saying: &amp;#039;My father was one of the captives of Dunqula.&amp;#039;&amp;quot; (R. Guest, pp. 11 - 13).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;Yazīd b. at-Turki, 856-857 A.D. says:&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/ins&gt;Yazīd b. at-Turki, 856-857 A.D. says:&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The prestige of Jabīr&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;One of the leaders of the Arab rebels in Egypt.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  was growing more and more: people from all parts rallied to him. He was also joined by Abū Harmalah an-Nūbī, an audacious man, whom Jabīr appointed chief of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;the district of&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;) &lt;/del&gt;Sanhūr. Abū Harmalah then held this district with a very numerous army, associated with himself Ibn Assāmah al-Ma&#039;ārifī and entrusted to him the command over Bānā, Būsīr and Samannud, while Abū Harmalah remained at Sharqiyyūn. (Guest, p.206)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The prestige of Jabīr&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;One of the leaders of the Arab rebels in Egypt.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  was growing more and more: people from all parts rallied to him. He was also joined by Abū Harmalah an-Nūbī, an audacious man, whom Jabīr appointed chief of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/ins&gt;the district of&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;] &lt;/ins&gt;Sanhūr. Abū Harmalah then held this district with a very numerous army, associated with himself Ibn Assāmah al-Ma&#039;ārifī and entrusted to him the command over Bānā, Būsīr and Samannud, while Abū Harmalah remained at Sharqiyyūn. (Guest, p.206)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;Ibn Ṭūlūn, 869-884 A.D. says:&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/ins&gt;Ibn Ṭūlūn, 869-884 A.D. says:&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, the Alide, had risen up in the Ṣa&#039;īd of Miṣr. ... This happened in the year 253 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;867 A.D.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/del&gt;. He  &#039;&#039;&#039;[p. 146]&#039;&#039;&#039;  entered Esna in the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;month of&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;) &lt;/del&gt;Dhū-l-Qa&#039;da of the year 255 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;Oct. - Nov. 870 A.D.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/del&gt;, pillaged the town and massacred the population. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Ibn Azdād with a troop: aṣ-Ṣūfī attacked him at Hū, on Wednesday 5 Rabī&#039; al-Awwal of the year 256 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;10 Febr. 870 A.D.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;) &lt;/del&gt;and Ibn Azdād was defeated. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn then sent Buhm Ibn Ḥusayn with an army, together with Ibn Ujayf. This army left for the Ṣa&#039;īd on Thursday 19 Rabī&#039;al-Awwal 256 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;24.Febr. 870 A.D.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;) &lt;/del&gt;and joined battle with him in the outskirts of Akhmīn, on Thursday 3 Rabī&#039; al-Ākhīr &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;10 March&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/del&gt;, and Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī was defeated. Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, then withdrew towards al-Wāḥ &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;the Oasis&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;) &lt;/del&gt;and settled at Tanis (Tinnis?), and later at Ashmunein in the month of Muḥarram of the year &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;2&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/del&gt;59 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;= Nov. - Dec. 872 A.D.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/del&gt;. Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Abū Mughīth with a force of five hundred men. [Abū Mughīth marched on him] but found that Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī had left for Aswān to fight against &#039;Abdalla al-Omari, who is Ibn &#039;Abd al-Hamīd b. &#039;Abdalla b. &#039;Abd al-&#039;Αzīz b. &#039;Abdalla b. Abdalla b. &#039;Umar al-Khaṭṭāb. The two fought a battle in which al-Omari beat Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his army. ... Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī returned to Aswān and cut three hundred thousand palm-trees, [property] of the natives of Aswān. The news of this devastation, spread far and wide. Then Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent one Ibn Sīmā with reinforcements to Buhm b. al-Ḥusayn. As trouble developed between Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his men, Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī abandoned them and went to &#039;Aydhāb, whence he embarked for Mecca. He remained there until Ibn Ṭūlūn asked for his extradition and put him in jail, but, later on, he &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/del&gt;Ibn Ṭūlūn&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;) &lt;/del&gt;freed him. Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī went to Medina, where he died, (ibid., pp. 213 - 214).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, the Alide, had risen up in the Ṣa&#039;īd of Miṣr. ... This happened in the year 253 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/ins&gt;867 A.D.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/ins&gt;. He  &#039;&#039;&#039;[p. 146]&#039;&#039;&#039;  entered Esna in the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/ins&gt;month of&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;] &lt;/ins&gt;Dhū-l-Qa&#039;da of the year 255 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/ins&gt;Oct. - Nov. 870 A.D.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/ins&gt;, pillaged the town and massacred the population. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Ibn Azdād with a troop: aṣ-Ṣūfī attacked him at Hū, on Wednesday 5 Rabī&#039; al-Awwal of the year 256 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/ins&gt;10 Febr. 870 A.D.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;] &lt;/ins&gt;and Ibn Azdād was defeated. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn then sent Buhm Ibn Ḥusayn with an army, together with Ibn Ujayf. This army left for the Ṣa&#039;īd on Thursday 19 Rabī&#039;al-Awwal 256 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/ins&gt;24.Febr. 870 A.D.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;] &lt;/ins&gt;and joined battle with him in the outskirts of Akhmīn, on Thursday 3 Rabī&#039; al-Ākhīr &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/ins&gt;10 March&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/ins&gt;, and Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī was defeated. Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, then withdrew towards al-Wāḥ &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/ins&gt;the Oasis&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;] &lt;/ins&gt;and settled at Tanis (Tinnis?), and later at Ashmunein in the month of Muḥarram of the year &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/ins&gt;2&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/ins&gt;59 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/ins&gt;= Nov. - Dec. 872 A.D.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/ins&gt;. Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Abū Mughīth with a force of five hundred men. [Abū Mughīth marched on him] but found that Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī had left for Aswān to fight against &#039;Abdalla al-Omari, who is Ibn &#039;Abd al-Hamīd b. &#039;Abdalla b. &#039;Abd al-&#039;Αzīz b. &#039;Abdalla b. Abdalla b. &#039;Umar al-Khaṭṭāb. The two fought a battle in which al-Omari beat Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his army. ... Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī returned to Aswān and cut three hundred thousand palm-trees, [property] of the natives of Aswān. The news of this devastation, spread far and wide. Then Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent one Ibn Sīmā with reinforcements to Buhm b. al-Ḥusayn. As trouble developed between Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his men, Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī abandoned them and went to &#039;Aydhāb, whence he embarked for Mecca. He remained there until Ibn Ṭūlūn asked for his extradition and put him in jail, but, later on, he &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[&lt;/ins&gt;Ibn Ṭūlūn&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;] &lt;/ins&gt;freed him. Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī went to Medina, where he died, (ibid., pp. 213 - 214).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Literary Sources]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Literary Sources]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Adam Simmons</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.medievalnubia.info/dev/index.php?title=Yusuf_al-Kindi&amp;diff=3734&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Adam Simmons at 21:26, 18 February 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.medievalnubia.info/dev/index.php?title=Yusuf_al-Kindi&amp;diff=3734&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-02-18T21:26:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 21:26, 18 February 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l3&quot;&gt;Line 3:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 3:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;YŪSUF AL-KINDĪ  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;YŪSUF AL-KINDĪ  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(d. 971 A.D.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;(d. 971 A.D.)&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Muḥammad b. Yūsuf b. Ya&#039;qūb Abū &#039;Umar al-Kindī. An Egyptian historian.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;Muḥammad b. Yūsuf b. Ya&#039;qūb Abū &#039;Umar al-Kindī. An Egyptian historian.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Brockelmann S 1, 229 f., Sezgin 1, 358; EI (s.v.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;Brockelmann S 1, 229 f., Sezgin 1, 358; EI (s.v.)&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;K. ūmara&#039; Miṣr; K. al-qudat&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;K. ūmara&#039; Miṣr; K. al-qudat&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ed.:	Rh. Guest, &#039;&#039;The Book of Governors and Judges of Egypt&#039;&#039;, Leiden - London 1912, Baghdad 1954.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;Ed.:	Rh. Guest, &#039;&#039;The Book of Governors and Judges of Egypt&#039;&#039;, Leiden - London 1912, Baghdad 1954.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;T.: Guest	A: 0&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;T.: Guest	A: 0&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;Abdalla b. Sa&amp;#039;d raided the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Asāwid&amp;#039;&amp;#039; as far as Dunqula in the year 31 (652 A.D.). He fought a hard battle with &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[p. 145]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; them. On that day Mu&amp;#039;āwia b. Hudayj, Abū Sahm b. Abraha b. as-Saffāh and Huyuway b. Nashir each lost an eye. Then &amp;#039;Abdalla b. Sa&amp;#039;d made a truce with them. Their (the Arabs&amp;#039;) poet said:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;Abdalla b. Sa&amp;#039;d raided the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Asāwid&amp;#039;&amp;#039; as far as Dunqula in the year 31 (652 A.D.). He fought a hard battle with &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[p. 145]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; them. On that day Mu&amp;#039;āwia b. Hudayj, Abū Sahm b. Abraha b. as-Saffāh and Huyuway b. Nashir each lost an eye. Then &amp;#039;Abdalla b. Sa&amp;#039;d made a truce with them. Their (the Arabs&amp;#039;) poet said:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Adam Simmons</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.medievalnubia.info/dev/index.php?title=Yusuf_al-Kindi&amp;diff=3523&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Adam Simmons at 16:35, 9 February 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.medievalnubia.info/dev/index.php?title=Yusuf_al-Kindi&amp;diff=3523&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-02-09T16:35:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:35, 9 February 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/del&gt;. 144-146]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pp&lt;/ins&gt;. 144-146]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;YŪSUF AL-KINDĪ  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;YŪSUF AL-KINDĪ  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l29&quot;&gt;Line 29:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 29:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(Ibn Ṭūlūn, 869-884 A.D. says:)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(Ibn Ṭūlūn, 869-884 A.D. says:)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, the Alide, had risen up in the Ṣa&#039;īd of Miṣr. ... This happened in the year 253 (867 A.D.). He &#039;&#039;&#039;[p. 146]&#039;&#039;&#039; entered Esna in the (month of) Dhū-l-Qa&#039;da of the year 255 (Oct. - Nov. 870 A.D.), pillaged the town and massacred the population. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Ibn Azdād with a troop: aṣ-Ṣūfī attacked him at Hū, on Wednesday 5 Rabī&#039; al-Awwal of the year 256 (10 Febr. 870 A.D.) and Ibn Azdād was defeated. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn then sent Buhm Ibn Ḥusayn with an army, together with Ibn Ujayf. This army left for the Ṣa&#039;īd on Thursday 19 Rabī&#039;al-Awwal 256 (24.Febr. 870 A.D.) and joined battle with him in the outskirts of Akhmīn, on Thursday 3 Rabī&#039; al-Ākhīr (10 March), and Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī was defeated. Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, then withdrew towards al-Wāḥ (the Oasis) and settled at Tanis (Tinnis?), and later at Ashmunein in the month of Muḥarram of the year (2)59 (= Nov. - Dec. 872 A.D.). Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Abū Mughīth with a force of five hundred men. [Abū Mughīth marched on him] but found that Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī had left for Aswān to fight against &#039;Abdalla al-Omari, who is Ibn &#039;Abd al-Hamīd b. &#039;Abdalla b. &#039;Abd al-&#039;Αzīz b. &#039;Abdalla b. Abdalla b. &#039;Umar al-Khaṭṭāb. The two fought a battle in which al-Omari beat Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his army. ... Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī returned to Aswān and cut three hundred thousand palm-trees, [property] of the natives of Aswān. The news of this devastation, spread far and wide. Then Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent one Ibn Sīmā with reinforcements to Buhm b. al-Ḥusayn. As trouble developed between Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his men, Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī abandoned them and went to &#039;Aydhāb, whence he embarked for Mecca. He remained there until Ibn Ṭūlūn asked for his extradition and put him in jail, but, later on, he (Ibn Ṭūlūn) freed him. Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī went to Medina, where he died, (ibid., pp. 213 - 214).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, the Alide, had risen up in the Ṣa&#039;īd of Miṣr. ... This happened in the year 253 (867 A.D.). He &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;[p. 146]&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;entered Esna in the (month of) Dhū-l-Qa&#039;da of the year 255 (Oct. - Nov. 870 A.D.), pillaged the town and massacred the population. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Ibn Azdād with a troop: aṣ-Ṣūfī attacked him at Hū, on Wednesday 5 Rabī&#039; al-Awwal of the year 256 (10 Febr. 870 A.D.) and Ibn Azdād was defeated. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn then sent Buhm Ibn Ḥusayn with an army, together with Ibn Ujayf. This army left for the Ṣa&#039;īd on Thursday 19 Rabī&#039;al-Awwal 256 (24.Febr. 870 A.D.) and joined battle with him in the outskirts of Akhmīn, on Thursday 3 Rabī&#039; al-Ākhīr (10 March), and Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī was defeated. Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, then withdrew towards al-Wāḥ (the Oasis) and settled at Tanis (Tinnis?), and later at Ashmunein in the month of Muḥarram of the year (2)59 (= Nov. - Dec. 872 A.D.). Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Abū Mughīth with a force of five hundred men. [Abū Mughīth marched on him] but found that Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī had left for Aswān to fight against &#039;Abdalla al-Omari, who is Ibn &#039;Abd al-Hamīd b. &#039;Abdalla b. &#039;Abd al-&#039;Αzīz b. &#039;Abdalla b. Abdalla b. &#039;Umar al-Khaṭṭāb. The two fought a battle in which al-Omari beat Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his army. ... Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī returned to Aswān and cut three hundred thousand palm-trees, [property] of the natives of Aswān. The news of this devastation, spread far and wide. Then Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent one Ibn Sīmā with reinforcements to Buhm b. al-Ḥusayn. As trouble developed between Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his men, Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī abandoned them and went to &#039;Aydhāb, whence he embarked for Mecca. He remained there until Ibn Ṭūlūn asked for his extradition and put him in jail, but, later on, he (Ibn Ṭūlūn) freed him. Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī went to Medina, where he died, (ibid., pp. 213 - 214).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Literary Sources]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Literary Sources]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Adam Simmons</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.medievalnubia.info/dev/index.php?title=Yusuf_al-Kindi&amp;diff=3187&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Seignobos at 23:05, 5 January 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.medievalnubia.info/dev/index.php?title=Yusuf_al-Kindi&amp;diff=3187&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-01-05T23:05:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 23:05, 5 January 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;YUSUF AL&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;KINDI (d. 971 A.D.)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;[p. 144&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;146]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;Muḥammad b. Yūsuf b. Ya&#039;qūb Abū &#039;Umar al-Kindī. An Egyptian historian.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;YŪSUF AL-KINDĪ &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(d. 971 A.D.)&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Muḥammad b. Yūsuf b. Ya&#039;qūb Abū &#039;Umar al-Kindī. An Egyptian historian.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Brockelmann S 1, 229 f., Sezgin 1, 358; EI (s.v.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Brockelmann S 1, 229 f., Sezgin 1, 358; EI (s.v.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;K. ūmara&amp;#039; Miṣr; K. al-qudat&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;K. ūmara&amp;#039; Miṣr; K. al-qudat&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ed.:	Rh. Guest, The Book of Governors and Judges of Egypt, Leiden - London 1912, Baghdad 1954.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;T.: Guest	A: 0&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ed.:	Rh. Guest, &#039;&#039;The Book of Governors and Judges of Egypt&#039;&#039;, Leiden - London 1912, Baghdad 1954.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;T.: Guest	A: 0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;Abdalla b. Sa&#039;d raided the Asāwid as far as Dunqula in the year 31 (652 A.D.). He fought a hard battle with them. On that day Mu&#039;āwia b. Hudayj, Abū Sahm b. Abraha b. as-Saffāh and Huyuway b. Nashir each lost an eye. Then &#039;Abdalla b. Sa&#039;d made a truce with  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;Abdalla b. Sa&#039;d raided the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;Asāwid&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039; &lt;/ins&gt;as far as Dunqula in the year 31 (652 A.D.). He fought a hard battle with &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;[p. 145]&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/ins&gt;them. On that day Mu&#039;āwia b. Hudayj, Abū Sahm b. Abraha b. as-Saffāh and Huyuway b. Nashir each lost an eye. Then &#039;Abdalla b. Sa&#039;d made a truce with them. Their (the Arabs&#039;) poet said:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;them. Their (the Arabs&#039;) poet said:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;Never did my eye see a day like Dunqula&amp;#039;s.&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;Never did my eye see a day like Dunqula&amp;#039;s.&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The horses advancing loaded with heavy breast-plates. I had the following statement from Ibn Qudayd: [isnad omitted]:	&#039;Between the people of Egypt (ahl Miṣr) &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;and the Asāwid there exists no peace agreement (&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;‘ahd&lt;/del&gt;), but only a truce (hudnat aman) binding both sides. We give them wheat and lentils, and they give us slaves (raqīq). The following statement is from Ibn Lahī&#039;a: - &#039;(The Nubians) do not mind to take slaves from their own people or from others.&#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The horses advancing loaded with heavy breast-plates. I had the following statement from Ibn Qudayd: [isnad omitted]:	&#039;Between the people of Egypt (&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;ahl Miṣr&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;)&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The Arabs of Egypt.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;and the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;Asāwid&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039; &lt;/ins&gt;there exists no peace agreement (&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;ʿahd&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;), but only a truce (&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;hudnat aman&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;) binding both sides. We give them wheat and lentils, and they give us slaves (&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;raqīq&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;). The following statement is from Ibn Lahī&#039;a: - &#039;(The Nubians) do not mind to take slaves from their own people or from others.&#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibn Lahī&amp;#039;a also said: &amp;quot;I heard Yazīd b. Abī Habīb saying: &amp;#039;My father was one of the captives of Dunqula.&amp;#039;&amp;quot; (R. Guest, pp. 11 - 13).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibn Lahī&amp;#039;a also said: &amp;quot;I heard Yazīd b. Abī Habīb saying: &amp;#039;My father was one of the captives of Dunqula.&amp;#039;&amp;quot; (R. Guest, pp. 11 - 13).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l21&quot;&gt;Line 21:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 25:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(Yazīd b. at-Turki, 856-857 A.D. says:)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(Yazīd b. at-Turki, 856-857 A.D. says:)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The prestige of Jabīr  was growing more and more: people from all parts rallied to him. He was also joined by Abū Harmalah an-Nūbī, an audacious man, whom Jabīr appointed chief of (the district of) Sanhūr. Abū &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Harma¬lah &lt;/del&gt;then held this district with a very numerous army, associated with himself Ibn Assāmah al-Ma&#039;ārifī and entrusted to him the command over Bānā, Būsīr and Samannud, while Abū Harmalah remained at Sharqiyyūn. (Guest, p.206)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The prestige of Jabīr&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;One of the leaders of the Arab rebels in Egypt.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt; was growing more and more: people from all parts rallied to him. He was also joined by Abū Harmalah an-Nūbī, an audacious man, whom Jabīr appointed chief of (the district of) Sanhūr. Abū &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Harmalah &lt;/ins&gt;then held this district with a very numerous army, associated with himself Ibn Assāmah al-Ma&#039;ārifī and entrusted to him the command over Bānā, Būsīr and Samannud, while Abū Harmalah remained at Sharqiyyūn. (Guest, p.206)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(Ibn Ṭūlūn, 869-884 A.D. says:)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;(Ibn Ṭūlūn, 869-884 A.D. says:)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, the Alide, had risen up in the Ṣa&#039;īd of Miṣr. ... This happened in the year 253 (867 A.D.). He entered Esna in the (month of) Dhū-l-Qa&#039;da of the year 255 (Oct. - Nov. 870 A.D.), pillaged the town and massacred the population. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Ibn Azdād with a troop: aṣ-Ṣūfī attacked him at Hū, on Wednesday 5 Rabī&#039;al-Awwal of the year 256 (10 Febr. 870 A.D.) and Ibn Azdād was defeated. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn then sent Buhm Ibn Ḥusayn with an army, together with Ibn Ujayf. This army left for the Ṣa&#039;īd on Thursday 19 Rabī&#039;al-Awwal 256 (24.Febr. 870 A.D.) and joined battle with him in the outskirts of Akhmīn, on Thursday 3 Rabī&#039; al-Ākhīr (10 March), and Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī was defeated. Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, then withdrew towards al-Wāḥ (the Oasis) and settled at Tanis (Tinnis?), and later at Ashmunein in the month of Muḥarram of the year (2)59 (= Nov. - Dec. 872 A.D.). Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Abū Mughīth with a force of five hundred men. [Abū Mughīth marched on him] but found that Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī had left for Aswān to fight against &#039;Abdalla al-Omari, who is Ibn &#039;Abd al- Hamīd b. &#039;Abdalla b. &#039;Abd al-&#039;Αzīz b. &#039;Abdalla b. Abdalla b. &#039;Umar al-Khaṭṭāb. The two fought a battle in which al-Omari beat Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his army. ... Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī returned to Aswān and cut three hundred thousand palm-trees, [property] of the natives of Aswān. The news of this devastation, spread far and wide. Then Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent one Ibn Sīmā with reinforcements to Buhm b. al-Ḥusayn. As trouble developed between Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his men, Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī abandoned them and went to &#039;Aydhāb, whence he embarked for Mecca. He remained there until Ibn Ṭūlūn asked for his extradition and put him in jail, but, later on, he (Ibn Ṭūlūn) freed him. Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī went to Medina, where he died, (ibid., pp. 213 - 214).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, the Alide, had risen up in the Ṣa&#039;īd of Miṣr. ... This happened in the year 253 (867 A.D.). He &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;[p. 146]&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/ins&gt;entered Esna in the (month of) Dhū-l-Qa&#039;da of the year 255 (Oct. - Nov. 870 A.D.), pillaged the town and massacred the population. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Ibn Azdād with a troop: aṣ-Ṣūfī attacked him at Hū, on Wednesday 5 Rabī&#039; al-Awwal of the year 256 (10 Febr. 870 A.D.) and Ibn Azdād was defeated. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn then sent Buhm Ibn Ḥusayn with an army, together with Ibn Ujayf. This army left for the Ṣa&#039;īd on Thursday 19 Rabī&#039;al-Awwal 256 (24.Febr. 870 A.D.) and joined battle with him in the outskirts of Akhmīn, on Thursday 3 Rabī&#039; al-Ākhīr (10 March), and Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī was defeated. Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, then withdrew towards al-Wāḥ (the Oasis) and settled at Tanis (Tinnis?), and later at Ashmunein in the month of Muḥarram of the year (2)59 (= Nov. - Dec. 872 A.D.). Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Abū Mughīth with a force of five hundred men. [Abū Mughīth marched on him] but found that Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī had left for Aswān to fight against &#039;Abdalla al-Omari, who is Ibn &#039;Abd al-Hamīd b. &#039;Abdalla b. &#039;Abd al-&#039;Αzīz b. &#039;Abdalla b. Abdalla b. &#039;Umar al-Khaṭṭāb. The two fought a battle in which al-Omari beat Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his army. ... Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī returned to Aswān and cut three hundred thousand palm-trees, [property] of the natives of Aswān. The news of this devastation, spread far and wide. Then Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent one Ibn Sīmā with reinforcements to Buhm b. al-Ḥusayn. As trouble developed between Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his men, Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī abandoned them and went to &#039;Aydhāb, whence he embarked for Mecca. He remained there until Ibn Ṭūlūn asked for his extradition and put him in jail, but, later on, he (Ibn Ṭūlūn) freed him. Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī went to Medina, where he died, (ibid., pp. 213 - 214).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Literary Sources]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Literary Sources]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Seignobos</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://www.medievalnubia.info/dev/index.php?title=Yusuf_al-Kindi&amp;diff=3152&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Adam Simmons: Created page with &quot;YUSUF AL-KINDI (d. 971 A.D.)  &#039;&#039;Muḥammad b. Yūsuf b. Ya&#039;qūb Abū &#039;Umar al-Kindī. An Egyptian historian.  Brockelmann S 1, 229 f., Sezgin 1, 358; EI (s.v.)  K. ūmara&#039; Mi...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.medievalnubia.info/dev/index.php?title=Yusuf_al-Kindi&amp;diff=3152&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-12-21T18:54:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;YUSUF AL-KINDI (d. 971 A.D.)  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Muḥammad b. Yūsuf b. Ya&amp;#039;qūb Abū &amp;#039;Umar al-Kindī. An Egyptian historian.  Brockelmann S 1, 229 f., Sezgin 1, 358; EI (s.v.)  K. ūmara&amp;#039; Mi...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;YUSUF AL-KINDI (d. 971 A.D.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Muḥammad b. Yūsuf b. Ya&amp;#039;qūb Abū &amp;#039;Umar al-Kindī. An Egyptian historian.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Brockelmann S 1, 229 f., Sezgin 1, 358; EI (s.v.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
K. ūmara&amp;#039; Miṣr; K. al-qudat&lt;br /&gt;
Ed.:	Rh. Guest, The Book of Governors and Judges of Egypt, Leiden - London 1912, Baghdad 1954.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
T.: Guest	A: 0&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;Abdalla b. Sa&amp;#039;d raided the Asāwid as far as Dunqula in the year 31 (652 A.D.). He fought a hard battle with them. On that day Mu&amp;#039;āwia b. Hudayj, Abū Sahm b. Abraha b. as-Saffāh and Huyuway b. Nashir each lost an eye. Then &amp;#039;Abdalla b. Sa&amp;#039;d made a truce with &lt;br /&gt;
them. Their (the Arabs&amp;#039;) poet said:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;Never did my eye see a day like Dunqula&amp;#039;s.&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The horses advancing loaded with heavy breast-plates. I had the following statement from Ibn Qudayd: [isnad omitted]:	&amp;#039;Between the people of Egypt (ahl Miṣr)  and the Asāwid there exists no peace agreement (‘ahd), but only a truce (hudnat aman) binding both sides. We give them wheat and lentils, and they give us slaves (raqīq). The following statement is from Ibn Lahī&amp;#039;a: - &amp;#039;(The Nubians) do not mind to take slaves from their own people or from others.&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ibn Lahī&amp;#039;a also said: &amp;quot;I heard Yazīd b. Abī Habīb saying: &amp;#039;My father was one of the captives of Dunqula.&amp;#039;&amp;quot; (R. Guest, pp. 11 - 13).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Yazīd b. at-Turki, 856-857 A.D. says:)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The prestige of Jabīr  was growing more and more: people from all parts rallied to him. He was also joined by Abū Harmalah an-Nūbī, an audacious man, whom Jabīr appointed chief of (the district of) Sanhūr. Abū Harma¬lah then held this district with a very numerous army, associated with himself Ibn Assāmah al-Ma&amp;#039;ārifī and entrusted to him the command over Bānā, Būsīr and Samannud, while Abū Harmalah remained at Sharqiyyūn. (Guest, p.206)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(Ibn Ṭūlūn, 869-884 A.D. says:)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, the Alide, had risen up in the Ṣa&amp;#039;īd of Miṣr. ... This happened in the year 253 (867 A.D.). He entered Esna in the (month of) Dhū-l-Qa&amp;#039;da of the year 255 (Oct. - Nov. 870 A.D.), pillaged the town and massacred the population. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Ibn Azdād with a troop: aṣ-Ṣūfī attacked him at Hū, on Wednesday 5 Rabī&amp;#039;al-Awwal of the year 256 (10 Febr. 870 A.D.) and Ibn Azdād was defeated. Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn then sent Buhm Ibn Ḥusayn with an army, together with Ibn Ujayf. This army left for the Ṣa&amp;#039;īd on Thursday 19 Rabī&amp;#039;al-Awwal 256 (24.Febr. 870 A.D.) and joined battle with him in the outskirts of Akhmīn, on Thursday 3 Rabī&amp;#039; al-Ākhīr (10 March), and Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī was defeated. Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī, then withdrew towards al-Wāḥ (the Oasis) and settled at Tanis (Tinnis?), and later at Ashmunein in the month of Muḥarram of the year (2)59 (= Nov. - Dec. 872 A.D.). Ibn Ṭūlūn sent against him Abū Mughīth with a force of five hundred men. [Abū Mughīth marched on him] but found that Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī had left for Aswān to fight against &amp;#039;Abdalla al-Omari, who is Ibn &amp;#039;Abd al- Hamīd b. &amp;#039;Abdalla b. &amp;#039;Abd al-&amp;#039;Αzīz b. &amp;#039;Abdalla b. Abdalla b. &amp;#039;Umar al-Khaṭṭāb. The two fought a battle in which al-Omari beat Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his army. ... Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī returned to Aswān and cut three hundred thousand palm-trees, [property] of the natives of Aswān. The news of this devastation, spread far and wide. Then Aḥmad Ibn Ṭūlūn sent one Ibn Sīmā with reinforcements to Buhm b. al-Ḥusayn. As trouble developed between Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī and his men, Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī abandoned them and went to &amp;#039;Aydhāb, whence he embarked for Mecca. He remained there until Ibn Ṭūlūn asked for his extradition and put him in jail, but, later on, he (Ibn Ṭūlūn) freed him. Then Ibn aṣ-Ṣūfī went to Medina, where he died, (ibid., pp. 213 - 214).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Literary Sources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Adam Simmons</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>