An-Nuwayri - Revision history

Seignobos at 23:02, 17 January 2016

2016-01-17T23:02:12Z

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	In the month of Rajab of the year 716 H. [September 1316 A.D.], it was decided to send to Nubia a number of emirs, viz. 'Izz ad-dīn Aybek Jaharkī 'Abd al-Malik, the Commandant-in-chief of the army. Ṣalāḥ ad-dīn Ṭarkhān, son of the late emir Badr ad-dīn Baysarī, 'Ala ad-dīn 'Alī as-Sāqī, Sayf ad-dīn Qayran al-Hisami, each with one-half of their troops. It was decided that they would leave during the last decade of Sha'ban [7-17 November 1316 A.D.]. They marched on parade in Cairo with their troops on Monday 23rd of Sha'ban [11 November] of the same year. They had in their expedition Sayf ad-dīn 'Abdalla Barshanbū, the Nubian, who was the son of the sister of king Dāwūd of Nubia. He had been brought up at the Sultan's Court by some ''mamālīk'' of the Sultan. The Sultan [Nāṣir] thought it advisable at that time to nominate him king [of Nubia] to rule his own countrymen.		In the month of Rajab of the year 716 H. [September 1316 A.D.], it was decided to send to Nubia a number of emirs, viz. 'Izz ad-dīn Aybek Jaharkī 'Abd al-Malik, the Commandant-in-chief of the army. Ṣalāḥ ad-dīn Ṭarkhān, son of the late emir Badr ad-dīn Baysarī, 'Ala ad-dīn 'Alī as-Sāqī, Sayf ad-dīn Qayran al-Hisami, each with one-half of their troops. It was decided that they would leave during the last decade of Sha'ban [7-17 November 1316 A.D.]. They marched on parade in Cairo with their troops on Monday 23rd of Sha'ban [11 November] of the same year. They had in their expedition Sayf ad-dīn 'Abdalla Barshanbū, the Nubian, who was the son of the sister of king Dāwūd of Nubia. He had been brought up at the Sultan's Court by some ''mamālīk'' of the Sultan. The Sultan [Nāṣir] thought it advisable at that time to nominate him king [of Nubia] to rule his own countrymen.

	No sooner had this news reached the ears of king Kerenbes, the Regent (''mutamallik'') of Nubia, than he sent the son of his sister Kanz ad-dawla b. Shujā’ ad-dīn Nasr b. Fakhr ad-dīn Mālik b. al-Kanz, to the Sultan's court asking His Majesty kindly to appoint him as successor to the Nubian throne, "for" - he said "if it is the will of your Majesty to appoint a Moslem to rule Nubia, this man is actually a Moslem, son of my sister and as such he is my legitimate successor". Kanz ad-dawla arrived '''[p. 485]''' at the court, but his request was not granted; the Sultan ordered him to be detained in the Sultan's court. The army left together with 'Abdalla ~~Barahanbū~~ in their company.		No sooner had this news reached the ears of king Kerenbes, the Regent (''mutamallik'') of Nubia, than he sent the son of his sister Kanz ad-dawla b. Shujā’ ad-dīn Nasr b. Fakhr ad-dīn Mālik b. al-Kanz, to the Sultan's court asking His Majesty kindly to appoint him as successor to the Nubian throne, "for" - he said "if it is the will of your Majesty to appoint a Moslem to rule Nubia, this man is actually a Moslem, son of my sister and as such he is my legitimate successor". Kanz ad-dawla arrived '''[p. 485]''' at the court, but his request was not granted; the Sultan ordered him to be detained in the Sultan's court. The army left together with 'Abdalla Barshanbū in their company.

	When they arrived at Dunqula, Kerenbes, the Regent, and his brother Abrām, fled to al-Abwāb, Kerenbes asked for asylum from the Regent of al-Abwāb, but he, instead, arrested him and had him confined on an island and wrote to the general of the [Sultan’s] army announcing the arrest of Kerenbes and his brother. He put guards around them and asked the general to send someone to fetch them. A number of armed men (''rijāl al-ḥalaqa'') were sent to seize them. They were brought to the Sultan's court under escort and in irons, and 'Abdalla Barshanbū reigned unchallenged in Dunqula. The army left for Cairo and arrived there in the month of Jumadā al-Wulā of the year 717 H. (July 1317 A.D.).		When they arrived at Dunqula, Kerenbes, the Regent, and his brother Abrām, fled to al-Abwāb, Kerenbes asked for asylum from the Regent of al-Abwāb, but he, instead, arrested him and had him confined on an island and wrote to the general of the [Sultan’s] army announcing the arrest of Kerenbes and his brother. He put guards around them and asked the general to send someone to fetch them. A number of armed men (''rijāl al-ḥalaqa'') were sent to seize them. They were brought to the Sultan's court under escort and in irons, and 'Abdalla Barshanbū reigned unchallenged in Dunqula. The army left for Cairo and arrived there in the month of Jumadā al-Wulā of the year 717 H. (July 1317 A.D.).

Seignobos at 21:14, 12 May 2015

2015-05-12T21:14:25Z

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	The natives too swore that they would obey the representative (''nā’ib'') of the Sultan, that is king ''M Sh K D''<ref>Paris MSS: M R T? Sh K D (or M R M Sh K D).</ref> who had his residence at Dunqula (''al-muqim bi-Dunqula'') as well as to any other representative (''nā’ib'') of the Sultans "I shall never give him false information, nor shall I conceal from him any useful information. Whatever news, good or bad, I shall report to his ''nā'ib.'' If I shall notice that his ''nā'ib'' king M Sh K D is acting against the interests of the Sultan, I shall obey him no more, but I shall inform of it the Sultan, at once. I shall not seek refuge [in the land] under Dāwūd, nor shall I dwell with him, nor pass on to '''[p. 475]''' him any information whatsoever, nor recognize him as king. I accept to pay one dinar per year, per head, for all the years to come as long as I shall live."		The natives too swore that they would obey the representative (''nā’ib'') of the Sultan, that is king ''M Sh K D''<ref>Paris MSS: M R T? Sh K D (or M R M Sh K D).</ref> who had his residence at Dunqula (''al-muqim bi-Dunqula'') as well as to any other representative (''nā’ib'') of the Sultans "I shall never give him false information, nor shall I conceal from him any useful information. Whatever news, good or bad, I shall report to his ''nā'ib.'' If I shall notice that his ''nā'ib'' king M Sh K D is acting against the interests of the Sultan, I shall obey him no more, but I shall inform of it the Sultan, at once. I shall not seek refuge [in the land] under Dāwūd, nor shall I dwell with him, nor pass on to '''[p. 475]''' him any information whatsoever, nor recognize him as king. I accept to pay one dinar per year, per head, for all the years to come as long as I shall live."

	The array returned [home] bringing spoils from Nubia as we have already mentioned, i.e. what was found in the church of Sūs (''kanīsah Sūs''): crosses, gold and other objects for the value totalling 4640 1/4 dinars; and silver vases to the value of 8660 dinars. The slaves were 700. As for king Dāwūd, he fled towards al-Abwāb, but the Lord of al-Abwāb, who was king Ador (''A D R'') fought him, killed his [Dāwūd's] son, seized Dāwūd and sent him to the Sultan. (Paris MS ~~15 78~~, fol. 88 v).		The array returned [home] bringing spoils from Nubia as we have already mentioned, i.e. what was found in the church of Sūs (''kanīsah Sūs''): crosses, gold and other objects for the value totalling 4640 1/4 dinars; and silver vases to the value of 8660 dinars. The slaves were 700. As for king Dāwūd, he fled towards al-Abwāb, but the Lord of al-Abwāb, who was king Ador (''A D R'') fought him, killed his [Dāwūd's] son, seized Dāwūd and sent him to the Sultan. (Paris MS 1578, fol. 88 v).

	[The Story of the Invasions (''ghazwāt'') of Nubia since the Rise of Islam]		[The Story of the Invasions (''ghazwāt'') of Nubia since the Rise of Islam]

Seignobos at 00:14, 23 February 2015

2015-02-23T00:14:22Z

Show changes

Adam Simmons at 21:04, 18 February 2015

2015-02-18T21:04:52Z

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	'''[pp. 467-492]'''		'''[pp. 467-492]'''


	AN-NUWAYRĪ		AN-NUWAYRĪ

	(d. 1332 A.D.)		''(d. 1332 A.D.)''

	Shibab ad-dīn Aḥmad ‘Abd al-Wahhāb an-Nuwayrī. An Egyptian who was sometime inspector of the Sultan’s army.		''Shibab ad-dīn Aḥmad ‘Abd al-Wahhāb an-Nuwayrī. An Egyptian who was sometime inspector of the Sultan’s army.''

	EI (s-v.); GAL 2, 139 s		''EI (s-v.); GAL 2, 139 s''

	''Nihayat al-arab fī funūn al-adab'' (An Encyclopaedia), 30 vols.		''Nihayat al-arab fī funūn al-adab (An Encyclopaedia), 30 vols.''

	MS: Paris, Bibl. Nat., MS ar. 1578 and 1579; Cairo, Dār al-Kutub (Bibl. Nat.), MS 549: 30 vols.		''MS: Paris, Bibl. Nat., MS ar. 1578 and 1579; Cairo, Dār al-Kutub (Bibl. Nat.), MS 549: 30 vols.
	Ed.: (partly) Dār al-Kutub, Cairo 1923 (up to vol. XVIII).		Ed.: (partly) Dār al-Kutub, Cairo 1923 (up to vol. XVIII).''

	Exc.: (from the Cairo MS) Mus'ad, Al-Maktaba 217-235.		''Exc.: (from the Cairo MS) Mus'ad, Al-Maktaba 217-235.''

	T.: Paris MSS, Mus'ad and Cairo ed. A: 0		''T.: Paris MSS, Mus'ad and Cairo ed. A: 0''


	'''[p. 468]''' [Geographical Data]		'''[p. 468]''' [Geographical Data]

Adam Simmons at 13:39, 10 February 2015

2015-02-10T13:39:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:39, 10 February 2015
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	"By God! By God! By God!<ref>The oath formula is reported in an abridged form in Mufaddal and Qalqashandī (q.v.).</ref> By the truth of the Holy Trinity, by the Holy Gospel, by the Pure (''ṭāhirah'') Lady the Virgin, Mother of the Light, by the Baptism, by the '''[p. 473]''' Prophets (''anbiyāʾ''), the (heavenly) Messengers (''mursalīn''), the Apostles (''hawārīyyīn''), the Saints (''qiddīsīn''), the innocent martyrs (''shuhadāʾ''). If I do not keep my oath, may I deny the Messiah (''masīh''), as Judas (''Yūdās'') did; may I utter against Him such words as the Jews (''Yahūd'') say; may I believe (about Christ) what they believe. If I do not keep my oath, may I become another Judas, who pierced (sic!) the Messiah with the lance as the Jews pierced Him. Surely, I make the intention (''niyya'') and firm resolution (''ṭawiyya'') henceforth, from this very moment and this very hour, to devote myself, to the Sultan al-Malik aẓ-Ẓāhir Rukn ad-dunyā wa-d-dīn Baybars. I shall direct all my efforts and resources to accomplish such actions as may please him. So long as I shall be his ''nā'ib'' in this country, I shall never suspend (the payment of) what has been imposed on me every year to come, i.e., besides the division (''mushāṭirah'') of the kingdom into two halves, such part (of revenues) as was collected by my predecessors the kings of Nubia- One half of the revenues (al-muṭahaṣṣal) will belong to our lord the Sultan, free from all fraudulent deduction, and the other half will be devoted to the reconstruction (?) (''ʿimārah'') of the country so as to protect it against any enemy who might come to attack it. I undertake to give every year three elephants, three giraffes, five she-panthers, one hundred tawny dromedaries and four hundred oxen without blemish. I shall impose on every one" of my subjects (''ra'īyyah''), i.e. those who are of age (''al-‘uqalā’ al-bālighīn''), a poll-tax of one ''dinar''. The districts of ''al-‘Alī'' and ''al-Jabāl'' will be given to the Sultan as his property. In addition, all the belongings of David king of Nubia, all the property of his brother ''Sankwā'', of his mother (''umm''), his relatives and the soldiers of his army who were killed by the swords of the victorious army, shall I send to His Majesty's court (''al-bāb al-'ālī''), '''[p. 474]''' with someone (appointed) to watch over it, without keeping anything, however, little or great in value it may be I shall conceal nothing, nor shall I permit anybody to hide any part of it. If I transgress all the obligations which have been imposed on me or any part thereof, may I be excluded from the communion of God Almighty, from the Messiah, and of the Pure Lady; may I renounce the Christian religion and pray facing a direction other than the Orient, may I deny the Cross and become a follower of the beliefs of the Jews. In addition, I shall not allow any of the Arab bedouins (''ʿurbān''), to enter the kingdom of Nubia; any such (bedouin) whom I may find, shall I seize and send to the court of His Majesty. Any news, good and useful (''sārra wa-nā fi’a''),<ref>Mufaddal’s text reads: “unfavourable or favourable” (“sharra wa-nāfi’a”).</ref> that I may happen to hear shall I communicate to our lord the Sultan immediately. I shall never settle solely, by my own decision, any affair. I shall be the friend of the friends of the Sultan, and the enemy of his enemies. May God be witness and guarantor of what I say!"		"By God! By God! By God!<ref>The oath formula is reported in an abridged form in Mufaddal and Qalqashandī (q.v.).</ref> By the truth of the Holy Trinity, by the Holy Gospel, by the Pure (''ṭāhirah'') Lady the Virgin, Mother of the Light, by the Baptism, by the '''[p. 473]''' Prophets (''anbiyāʾ''), the (heavenly) Messengers (''mursalīn''), the Apostles (''hawārīyyīn''), the Saints (''qiddīsīn''), the innocent martyrs (''shuhadāʾ''). If I do not keep my oath, may I deny the Messiah (''masīh''), as Judas (''Yūdās'') did; may I utter against Him such words as the Jews (''Yahūd'') say; may I believe (about Christ) what they believe. If I do not keep my oath, may I become another Judas, who pierced (sic!) the Messiah with the lance as the Jews pierced Him. Surely, I make the intention (''niyya'') and firm resolution (''ṭawiyya'') henceforth, from this very moment and this very hour, to devote myself, to the Sultan al-Malik aẓ-Ẓāhir Rukn ad-dunyā wa-d-dīn Baybars. I shall direct all my efforts and resources to accomplish such actions as may please him. So long as I shall be his ''nā'ib'' in this country, I shall never suspend (the payment of) what has been imposed on me every year to come, i.e., besides the division (''mushāṭirah'') of the kingdom into two halves, such part (of revenues) as was collected by my predecessors the kings of Nubia- One half of the revenues (al-muṭahaṣṣal) will belong to our lord the Sultan, free from all fraudulent deduction, and the other half will be devoted to the reconstruction (?) (''ʿimārah'') of the country so as to protect it against any enemy who might come to attack it. I undertake to give every year three elephants, three giraffes, five she-panthers, one hundred tawny dromedaries and four hundred oxen without blemish. I shall impose on every one" of my subjects (''ra'īyyah''), i.e. those who are of age (''al-‘uqalā’ al-bālighīn''), a poll-tax of one ''dinar''. The districts of ''al-‘Alī'' and ''al-Jabāl'' will be given to the Sultan as his property. In addition, all the belongings of David king of Nubia, all the property of his brother ''Sankwā'', of his mother (''umm''), his relatives and the soldiers of his army who were killed by the swords of the victorious army, shall I send to His Majesty's court (''al-bāb al-'ālī''), '''[p. 474]''' with someone (appointed) to watch over it, without keeping anything, however, little or great in value it may be I shall conceal nothing, nor shall I permit anybody to hide any part of it. If I transgress all the obligations which have been imposed on me or any part thereof, may I be excluded from the communion of God Almighty, from the Messiah, and of the Pure Lady; may I renounce the Christian religion and pray facing a direction other than the Orient, may I deny the Cross and become a follower of the beliefs of the Jews. In addition, I shall not allow any of the Arab bedouins (''ʿurbān''), to enter the kingdom of Nubia; any such (bedouin) whom I may find, shall I seize and send to the court of His Majesty. Any news, good and useful (''sārra wa-nā fi’a''),<ref>Mufaddal’s text reads: “unfavourable or favourable” (“sharra wa-nāfi’a”).</ref> that I may happen to hear shall I communicate to our lord the Sultan immediately. I shall never settle solely, by my own decision, any affair. I shall be the friend of the friends of the Sultan, and the enemy of his enemies. May God be witness and guarantor of what I say!"

	The natives too swore that they would obey the representative (''nā’ib'') of the Sultan, that is king ''M Sh K D''<ref>Paris MSS: M R T? Sh K D (or M R M Sh K D).</ref> who had his residence at Dunqula (''al-muqim bi-Dunqula'') as well as to any other representative (''nā’ib'') of the Sultans "I shall never give him false information, nor shall I conceal from him any useful information. Whatever news, good or bad, I shall report to his ''nā'ib.'' If I shall notice that his ''nā'ib'' king M Sh K D is acting against the interests of the Sultan, I shall obey him no more, but I shall inform of it the Sultan, at once. I shall not seek refuge (in the land) under Dāwūd, ~~not~~ shall I dwell with him, nor pass on to '''[p. 475]''' him any information whatsoever, nor recognize him as king. I accept to pay one dinar per year, per head, for all the years to come as long as I shall live."		The natives too swore that they would obey the representative (''nā’ib'') of the Sultan, that is king ''M Sh K D''<ref>Paris MSS: M R T? Sh K D (or M R M Sh K D).</ref> who had his residence at Dunqula (''al-muqim bi-Dunqula'') as well as to any other representative (''nā’ib'') of the Sultans "I shall never give him false information, nor shall I conceal from him any useful information. Whatever news, good or bad, I shall report to his ''nā'ib.'' If I shall notice that his ''nā'ib'' king M Sh K D is acting against the interests of the Sultan, I shall obey him no more, but I shall inform of it the Sultan, at once. I shall not seek refuge (in the land) under Dāwūd, nor shall I dwell with him, nor pass on to '''[p. 475]''' him any information whatsoever, nor recognize him as king. I accept to pay one dinar per year, per head, for all the years to come as long as I shall live."

	The array returned (home) bringing spoils from Nubia as we have already mentioned, i.e. what was found in the church of Sūs (''kanīsah Sūs''): crosses, gold and other objects for the value totalling 4640 1/4 dinars; and silver vases to the value of 8660 dinars. The slaves were 700. As for king Dāwūd, he fled towards al-Abwāb, but the Lord of al-Abwāb, who was king Ador (''A D R'') fought him, killed his (Dāwūd's) son, seized Dāwūd and sent him to the Sultan. (Paris MS 15 78, fol. 88 v).		The array returned (home) bringing spoils from Nubia as we have already mentioned, i.e. what was found in the church of Sūs (''kanīsah Sūs''): crosses, gold and other objects for the value totalling 4640 1/4 dinars; and silver vases to the value of 8660 dinars. The slaves were 700. As for king Dāwūd, he fled towards al-Abwāb, but the Lord of al-Abwāb, who was king Ador (''A D R'') fought him, killed his (Dāwūd's) son, seized Dāwūd and sent him to the Sultan. (Paris MS 15 78, fol. 88 v).
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	'''[p. 480]''' [The Third<ref>Paris MS 1575: “the second military expedition”.</ref> Military Expedition (''tajrid al-jaysh'') to Nubia]		'''[p. 480]''' [The Third<ref>Paris MS 1575: “the second military expedition”.</ref> Military Expedition (''tajrid al-jaysh'') to Nubia]

	The Sultan sent the emir 'Izz ad-dīn Aybek al-Afram, the jāndār, to Nubia accompanied by the following emirs: the emir Sayf ad-dīn Qipjāq al-Manṣūrī, the emir Sayf ad-dīn Boktemer the ''jūkandār'', the emir Aydemer, governor of the districts of Qōs. He also despatched with them the following corps (''aṭlāb'') from the (troops of the) emirs: a corps (''ṭulb'') of the emir Zayn ad-dīn Ketbogha al-Manṣūrī, one of the emir Badraddīn Bayderā, one of the emir Sayf ad-dīn Bahādir, the head of the regiment (''nawba'') of the ''jamdāriyyah'', one of emir Alameddīn at-Tabreṣ, one troop of emir Shams ad-dīn Sonqor at-Ṭawīl and the remainder of the soldiery of the districts (''marākiz'') of Upper Egypt and the lieutenants (''nuwāb''), of the governors. Of the bedouin corps in Egypt, both in the south and in the north, he despatched a troop of forty thousand footmen. Together with them he sent the Regent of Nubia (''mutamallik an-nūba'') and his ''nā'ib'' Jorays. The army left the Sultan's court on Tuesday 8th Shawwal (6)88 (= 25 October 1289 A D.) and was followed up by grenade boats (''harārīq''),<ref>“''Harrāqa''” (pl. “''harārīq''”) was a boat for transport of inflammable war materials; otherwise it was used for general transport.</ref> big and small boats carrying provisions and coats-of-mail (''zardakhānāh'') and the equipment (''athqāl''): altogether more than 500 boats. When the expeditionary force arrived at the frontier post of Aswān, the Nubian king died and was buried there. The emir 'Izz ad-dīn al-Afram informed the Sultan about this and the Sultan sent one of the children of the sister of king Dāwūd, a man who had been at the Sultan's court. He ordered that this (man) should be enthroned as king of Nubia. Travelling with the horses of the '''[p. 481]''' mail service, he reached Aswān before the army moved to the camp. When he arrived, the army divided into two halves, as customary. The emirs 'Izz ad-dīn al-Afram and Sayf ad-dīn Qipjāq with one half (of the army) and one half of the bedouins (''ʿarab'') marched on the west bank, the emirs 'Izz ad-dīn Aydemer, governor of Qōs and Sayf ad-dīn Boktemer the ''jūkandār'' with the other half of the bedouins (''ʿurbān''), on the east bank. They instructed Jorays, ''nā'ib'' of Nubia, to open the way, station after station, taking with him the Awlād al-Kanz emir Aswān, to reassure the natives, protect them and prepare the halting places for the army. Whenever the army arrived at a village (''balad''), the old men (''mashā'ikh'') and the chief men (''a'yān'') of the place came out to meet them, kissed the ground before the emirs and received a safe conduct and remained in their villages; this was done (in all villages) from Daw to the islands (''jazā'ir'') of Mikā'īl, and this is the territory under the Jurisdiction of Jorays, the ‘Lord of the Mountain’. Outside the Jurisdiction of Jorays, the population had been evacuated in obedience to the king of Nubia. There the army plundered all that they found, killed those who had remained behind, pastured their horses on the sown fields, burnt the ''sāqyas'' and the houses as far as the town of Dongola. They found that the king had fled and had evacuated the population. The emirs found nobody except an old man and an old woman; they enquired from them about the king and were told that he had gone towards an island lying in the middle of the Nile, 15 days' Journey from Dongola, and the size of the island was three days' journey in length. The emir 'Izz ad-dīn with his men continued their pursuit up to the said island, but neither the grenade boats nor any other were able to accompany them, because of the many rocks cropping up from the river bed. As they arrived at a place '''[p. 482]''' opposite the island, they noticed several Nubian boats and a multitude of people, and they asked about the king. They were told that he actually was on the said island. They made proposals to him to swear allegiance (to the Sultan) and come out to them, offering him a safe conduct, but the king refused. The army camped there for three days. The Nubians told the king that the army probably had sent for the boats (''marākib'') and the grenade boats (''harārīq'') to cross over and attack; then he withdrew from the island and went to al-Abwāb, three days' distance from the island and out of the territory of his kingdom. Then the ''Sawākirah'' - that is to say the Nubian princes - abandoned him and so did the bishop (''usquf'') and the priests (''qusūs''), who took with them the silver cross which is placed on the king's head and the crown of the kingdom (''tāj al-mamlaka''); they asked for a safe conduct and swore allegiance. 'Izz ad-dīn granted them the safe conduct and presented the nobles (''akābir'') with robes of honour. They returned to Dongola with him, accompanied by a great multitude.		The Sultan sent the emir 'Izz ad-dīn Aybek al-Afram, the jāndār, to Nubia accompanied by the following emirs: the emir Sayf ad-dīn Qipjāq al-Manṣūrī, the emir Sayf ad-dīn Boktemer the ''jūkandār'', the emir Aydemer, governor of the districts of Qōs. He also despatched with them the following corps (''aṭlāb'') from the (troops of the) emirs: a corps (''ṭulb'') of the emir Zayn ad-dīn Ketbogha al-Manṣūrī, one of the emir Badraddīn Bayderā, one of the emir Sayf ad-dīn Bahādir, the head of the regiment (''nawba'') of the ''jamdāriyyah'', one of emir Alameddīn at-Tabreṣ, one troop of emir Shams ad-dīn Sonqor at-Ṭawīl and the remainder of the soldiery of the districts (''marākiz'') of Upper Egypt and the lieutenants (''nuwāb''), of the governors. Of the bedouin corps in Egypt, both in the south and in the north, he despatched a troop of forty thousand footmen. Together with them he sent the Regent of Nubia (''mutamallik an-nūba'') and his ''nā'ib'' Jorays. The army left the Sultan's court on Tuesday 8th Shawwal (6)88 (= 25 October 1289 A D.) and was followed up by grenade boats (''harārīq''),<ref>“''Harrāqa''” (pl. “''harārīq''”) was a boat for transport of inflammable war materials; otherwise it was used for general transport.</ref> big and small boats carrying provisions and coats-of-mail (''zardakhānāh'') and the equipment (''athqāl''): altogether more than 500 boats. When the expeditionary force arrived at the frontier post of Aswān, the Nubian king died and was buried there. The emir 'Izz ad-dīn al-Afram informed the Sultan about this and the Sultan sent one of the children of the sister of king Dāwūd, a man who had been at the Sultan's court. He ordered that this (man) should be enthroned as king of Nubia. Travelling with the horses of the '''[p. 481]''' mail service, he reached Aswān before the army moved to the camp. When he arrived, the army divided into two halves, as customary. The emirs 'Izz ad-dīn al-Afram and Sayf ad-dīn Qipjāq with one half (of the army) and one half of the bedouins (''ʿarab'') marched on the west bank, the emirs 'Izz ad-dīn Aydemer, governor of Qōs and Sayf ad-dīn Boktemer the ''jūkandār'' with the other half of the bedouins (''ʿurbān''), on the east bank. They instructed Jorays, ''nā'ib'' of Nubia, to open the way, station after station, taking with him the Awlād al-Kanz emir of Aswān, to reassure the natives, protect them and prepare the halting places for the army. Whenever the army arrived at a village (''balad''), the old men (''mashā'ikh'') and the chief men (''a'yān'') of the place came out to meet them, kissed the ground before the emirs and received a safe conduct and remained in their villages; this was done (in all villages) from Daw to the islands (''jazā'ir'') of Mikā'īl, and this is the territory under the Jurisdiction of Jorays, the ‘Lord of the Mountain’. Outside the Jurisdiction of Jorays, the population had been evacuated in obedience to the king of Nubia. There the army plundered all that they found, killed those who had remained behind, pastured their horses on the sown fields, burnt the ''sāqyas'' and the houses as far as the town of Dongola. They found that the king had fled and had evacuated the population. The emirs found nobody except an old man and an old woman; they enquired from them about the king and were told that he had gone towards an island lying in the middle of the Nile, 15 days' Journey from Dongola, and the size of the island was three days' journey in length. The emir 'Izz ad-dīn with his men continued their pursuit up to the said island, but neither the grenade boats nor any other were able to accompany them, because of the many rocks cropping up from the river bed. As they arrived at a place '''[p. 482]''' opposite the island, they noticed several Nubian boats and a multitude of people, and they asked about the king. They were told that he actually was on the said island. They made proposals to him to swear allegiance (to the Sultan) and come out to them, offering him a safe conduct, but the king refused. The army camped there for three days. The Nubians told the king that the army probably had sent for the boats (''marākib'') and the grenade boats (''harārīq'') to cross over and attack; then he withdrew from the island and went to al-Abwāb, three days' distance from the island and out of the territory of his kingdom. Then the ''Sawākirah'' - that is to say the Nubian princes - abandoned him and so did the bishop (''usquf'') and the priests (''qusūs''), who took with them the silver cross which is placed on the king's head and the crown of the kingdom (''tāj al-mamlaka''); they asked for a safe conduct and swore allegiance. 'Izz ad-dīn granted them the safe conduct and presented the nobles (''akābir'') with robes of honour. They returned to Dongola with him, accompanied by a great multitude.

	When they arrived, the emirs 'Izz ad-dīn al-Afram and Sayf ad-dīn Qipjāq crossed to the east bank without soldiers [and held a meeting of emirs at Dongola].<ref>This passage between brackets is not found in Mus’ad’s edition. Only in Paris MS ar.1578, fol. 113 v - 114 r, and MS 1579, fol. 17 r-v.</ref> The army in full war apparel paraded on both banks, of the Nile, the ''harārīq'' boats in the river were decorated and the ''zarrāqūn''<ref>“''Zarrāqūn''” were a troop in charge of throwing ignited projectiles (“''mizraq''”): “tuyaux pour lancer naphte”. Cf. Dozy, Suppl. Dict. Ar.).</ref> (grenadiers) made a show of their fire-works with nafṭ. A banquet was held for the brethren (''ikhwān'') in the church of ''Osūs'' (''Isūs''), which is the largest church (''kanīsa'') of Dongola. When the banquet was over, they proclaimed king the one who had been sent from the Sultan's court and crowned him and made him '''[p. 483]''' swear loyalty to the Sultan, and the people to swear loyalty to this king. They imposed on him the customary ''baqṭ'', which is a tribute (''muqarrar''). A garrison from the army was detached to stay with him, and Ruknaddīn Baybars al-‘Azzī, one of the ''mamālīk'' of the emir 'Izz ad-dīn, governor of Qōs, was appointed commander of the garrison. The army returned and arrived at Cairo in the month of Jumadā al-wulā of the year 689 H. (b. 2 May 1290 A.D.): their absence from the time they left the frontier post of Aswān until they returned thither, was six months. They carried off a large amount of booty.		When they arrived, the emirs 'Izz ad-dīn al-Afram and Sayf ad-dīn Qipjāq crossed to the east bank without soldiers [and held a meeting of emirs at Dongola].<ref>This passage between brackets is not found in Mus’ad’s edition. Only in Paris MS ar.1578, fol. 113 v - 114 r, and MS 1579, fol. 17 r-v.</ref> The army in full war apparel paraded on both banks, of the Nile, the ''harārīq'' boats in the river were decorated and the ''zarrāqūn''<ref>“''Zarrāqūn''” were a troop in charge of throwing ignited projectiles (“''mizraq''”): “tuyaux pour lancer naphte”. Cf. Dozy, Suppl. Dict. Ar.).</ref> (grenadiers) made a show of their fire-works with nafṭ. A banquet was held for the brethren (''ikhwān'') in the church of ''Osūs'' (''Isūs''), which is the largest church (''kanīsa'') of Dongola. When the banquet was over, they proclaimed king the one who had been sent from the Sultan's court and crowned him and made him '''[p. 483]''' swear loyalty to the Sultan, and the people to swear loyalty to this king. They imposed on him the customary ''baqṭ'', which is a tribute (''muqarrar''). A garrison from the army was detached to stay with him, and Ruknaddīn Baybars al-‘Azzī, one of the ''mamālīk'' of the emir 'Izz ad-dīn, governor of Qōs, was appointed commander of the garrison. The army returned and arrived at Cairo in the month of Jumadā al-wulā of the year 689 H. (b. 2 May 1290 A.D.): their absence from the time they left the frontier post of Aswān until they returned thither, was six months. They carried off a large amount of booty.

Adam Simmons at 15:36, 9 February 2015

2015-02-09T15:36:15Z

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	After the army left Nubia for Egypt and Semāmūn had ascertained that it had left, he returned to Dongola, fought those who were found there, defeated them and regained the country. The king who had been appointed by the Sultan, Jorays and the garrison who had been detached (to Dongola) arrived at the Sultan's court and informed him about what Semāmūn had done. The Sultan was extremely angry because of this and despatched a numerous army. (Paris MS 1578, fol. 113 r - 114 v).		After the army left Nubia for Egypt and Semāmūn had ascertained that it had left, he returned to Dongola, fought those who were found there, defeated them and regained the country. The king who had been appointed by the Sultan, Jorays and the garrison who had been detached (to Dongola) arrived at the Sultan's court and informed him about what Semāmūn had done. The Sultan was extremely angry because of this and despatched a numerous army. (Paris MS 1578, fol. 113 r - 114 v).

	[The Third<ref>Paris MS 1575: “the second military expedition”.</ref> Military Expedition (''tajrid al-jaysh'') to Nubia]		'''[p. 480]''' [The Third<ref>Paris MS 1575: “the second military expedition”.</ref> Military Expedition (''tajrid al-jaysh'') to Nubia]

	The Sultan sent the emir 'Izz ad-dīn Aybek al-Afram, the jāndār, to Nubia accompanied by the following emirs: the emir Sayf ad-dīn Qipjāq al-Manṣūrī, the emir Sayf ad-dīn Boktemer the ''jūkandār'', the emir Aydemer, governor of the districts of Qōs. He also despatched with them the following corps (''aṭlāb'') from the (troops of the) emirs: a corps (''ṭulb'') of the emir Zayn ad-dīn Ketbogha al-Manṣūrī, one of the emir Badraddīn Bayderā, one of the emir Sayf ad-dīn Bahādir, the head of the regiment (''nawba'') of the ''jamdāriyyah'', one of emir Alameddīn at-Tabreṣ, one troop of emir Shams ad-dīn Sonqor at-Ṭawīl and the remainder of the soldiery of the districts (''marākiz'') of Upper Egypt and the lieutenants (''nuwāb''), of the governors. Of the bedouin corps in Egypt, both in the south and in the north, he despatched a troop of forty thousand footmen. Together with them he sent the Regent of Nubia (''mutamallik an-nūba'') and his ''nā'ib'' Jorays. The army left the Sultan's court on Tuesday 8th Shawwal (6)88 (= 25 October 1289 A D.) and was followed up by grenade boats (''harārīq''),<ref>“''Harrāqa''” (pl. “''harārīq''”) was a boat for transport of inflammable war materials; otherwise it was used for general transport.</ref> big and small boats carrying provisions and coats-of-mail (''zardakhānāh'') and the equipment (''athqāl''): altogether more than 500 boats. When the expeditionary force arrived at the frontier post of Aswān, the Nubian king died and was buried there. The emir 'Izz ad-dīn al-Afram informed the Sultan about this and the Sultan sent one of the children of the sister of king Dāwūd, a man who had been at the Sultan's court. He ordered that this (man) should be enthroned as king of Nubia. Travelling with the horses of the '''[p. 481]''' mail service, he reached Aswān before the army moved to the camp. When he arrived, the army divided into two halves, as customary. The emirs 'Izz ad-dīn al-Afram and Sayf ad-dīn Qipjāq with one half (of the army) and one half of the bedouins (''ʿarab'') marched on the west bank, the emirs 'Izz ad-dīn Aydemer, governor of Qōs and Sayf ad-dīn Boktemer the ''jūkandār'' with the other half of the bedouins (''ʿurbān''), on the east bank. They instructed Jorays, ''nā'ib'' of Nubia, to open the way, station after station, taking with him the Awlād al-Kanz emir Aswān, to reassure the natives, protect them and prepare the halting places for the army. Whenever the army arrived at a village (''balad''), the old men (''mashā'ikh'') and the chief men (''a'yān'') of the place came out to meet them, kissed the ground before the emirs and received a safe conduct and remained in their villages; this was done (in all villages) from Daw to the islands (''jazā'ir'') of Mikā'īl, and this is the territory under the Jurisdiction of Jorays, the ‘Lord of the Mountain’. Outside the Jurisdiction of Jorays, the population had been evacuated in obedience to the king of Nubia. There the army plundered all that they found, killed those who had remained behind, pastured their horses on the sown fields, burnt the ''sāqyas'' and the houses as far as the town of Dongola. They found that the king had fled and had evacuated the population. The emirs found nobody except an old man and an old woman; they enquired from them about the king and were told that he had gone towards an island lying in the middle of the Nile, 15 days' Journey from Dongola, and the size of the island was three days' journey in length. The emir 'Izz ad-dīn with his men continued their pursuit up to the said island, but neither the grenade boats nor any other were able to accompany them, because of the many rocks cropping up from the river bed. As they arrived at a place '''[p. 482]''' opposite the island, they noticed several Nubian boats and a multitude of people, and they asked about the king. They were told that he actually was on the said island. They made proposals to him to swear allegiance (to the Sultan) and come out to them, offering him a safe conduct, but the king refused. The army camped there for three days. The Nubians told the king that the army probably had sent for the boats (''marākib'') and the grenade boats (''harārīq'') to cross over and attack; then he withdrew from the island and went to al-Abwāb, three days' distance from the island and out of the territory of his kingdom. Then the ''Sawākirah'' - that is to say the Nubian princes - abandoned him and so did the bishop (''usquf'') and the priests (''qusūs''), who took with them the silver cross which is placed on the king's head and the crown of the kingdom (''tāj al-mamlaka''); they asked for a safe conduct and swore allegiance. 'Izz ad-dīn granted them the safe conduct and presented the nobles (''akābir'') with robes of honour. They returned to Dongola with him, accompanied by a great multitude.		The Sultan sent the emir 'Izz ad-dīn Aybek al-Afram, the jāndār, to Nubia accompanied by the following emirs: the emir Sayf ad-dīn Qipjāq al-Manṣūrī, the emir Sayf ad-dīn Boktemer the ''jūkandār'', the emir Aydemer, governor of the districts of Qōs. He also despatched with them the following corps (''aṭlāb'') from the (troops of the) emirs: a corps (''ṭulb'') of the emir Zayn ad-dīn Ketbogha al-Manṣūrī, one of the emir Badraddīn Bayderā, one of the emir Sayf ad-dīn Bahādir, the head of the regiment (''nawba'') of the ''jamdāriyyah'', one of emir Alameddīn at-Tabreṣ, one troop of emir Shams ad-dīn Sonqor at-Ṭawīl and the remainder of the soldiery of the districts (''marākiz'') of Upper Egypt and the lieutenants (''nuwāb''), of the governors. Of the bedouin corps in Egypt, both in the south and in the north, he despatched a troop of forty thousand footmen. Together with them he sent the Regent of Nubia (''mutamallik an-nūba'') and his ''nā'ib'' Jorays. The army left the Sultan's court on Tuesday 8th Shawwal (6)88 (= 25 October 1289 A D.) and was followed up by grenade boats (''harārīq''),<ref>“''Harrāqa''” (pl. “''harārīq''”) was a boat for transport of inflammable war materials; otherwise it was used for general transport.</ref> big and small boats carrying provisions and coats-of-mail (''zardakhānāh'') and the equipment (''athqāl''): altogether more than 500 boats. When the expeditionary force arrived at the frontier post of Aswān, the Nubian king died and was buried there. The emir 'Izz ad-dīn al-Afram informed the Sultan about this and the Sultan sent one of the children of the sister of king Dāwūd, a man who had been at the Sultan's court. He ordered that this (man) should be enthroned as king of Nubia. Travelling with the horses of the '''[p. 481]''' mail service, he reached Aswān before the army moved to the camp. When he arrived, the army divided into two halves, as customary. The emirs 'Izz ad-dīn al-Afram and Sayf ad-dīn Qipjāq with one half (of the army) and one half of the bedouins (''ʿarab'') marched on the west bank, the emirs 'Izz ad-dīn Aydemer, governor of Qōs and Sayf ad-dīn Boktemer the ''jūkandār'' with the other half of the bedouins (''ʿurbān''), on the east bank. They instructed Jorays, ''nā'ib'' of Nubia, to open the way, station after station, taking with him the Awlād al-Kanz emir Aswān, to reassure the natives, protect them and prepare the halting places for the army. Whenever the army arrived at a village (''balad''), the old men (''mashā'ikh'') and the chief men (''a'yān'') of the place came out to meet them, kissed the ground before the emirs and received a safe conduct and remained in their villages; this was done (in all villages) from Daw to the islands (''jazā'ir'') of Mikā'īl, and this is the territory under the Jurisdiction of Jorays, the ‘Lord of the Mountain’. Outside the Jurisdiction of Jorays, the population had been evacuated in obedience to the king of Nubia. There the army plundered all that they found, killed those who had remained behind, pastured their horses on the sown fields, burnt the ''sāqyas'' and the houses as far as the town of Dongola. They found that the king had fled and had evacuated the population. The emirs found nobody except an old man and an old woman; they enquired from them about the king and were told that he had gone towards an island lying in the middle of the Nile, 15 days' Journey from Dongola, and the size of the island was three days' journey in length. The emir 'Izz ad-dīn with his men continued their pursuit up to the said island, but neither the grenade boats nor any other were able to accompany them, because of the many rocks cropping up from the river bed. As they arrived at a place '''[p. 482]''' opposite the island, they noticed several Nubian boats and a multitude of people, and they asked about the king. They were told that he actually was on the said island. They made proposals to him to swear allegiance (to the Sultan) and come out to them, offering him a safe conduct, but the king refused. The army camped there for three days. The Nubians told the king that the army probably had sent for the boats (''marākib'') and the grenade boats (''harārīq'') to cross over and attack; then he withdrew from the island and went to al-Abwāb, three days' distance from the island and out of the territory of his kingdom. Then the ''Sawākirah'' - that is to say the Nubian princes - abandoned him and so did the bishop (''usquf'') and the priests (''qusūs''), who took with them the silver cross which is placed on the king's head and the crown of the kingdom (''tāj al-mamlaka''); they asked for a safe conduct and swore allegiance. 'Izz ad-dīn granted them the safe conduct and presented the nobles (''akābir'') with robes of honour. They returned to Dongola with him, accompanied by a great multitude.

Seignobos at 15:09, 23 January 2015

2015-01-23T15:09:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:09, 23 January 2015
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	'''[p. 467- ]'''		'''[p. 467-492]'''

Seignobos at 15:09, 23 January 2015

2015-01-23T15:09:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:09, 23 January 2015
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	The Regent (''mutamallik'') of Sawākin came to make his submission and show obedience to the orders of the Sultan. Every year he brought a tribute to the Sultan consisting of eighty slaves, three-hundred camels, thirty ''qinṭār'' of ivory. He had his residence at Sawākin where he acted as Representative (''niyāba'') of the Sultan. The army remained at Sawākin for six days, then departed taking with them the Awlād Muhnā, one of whom, by name Faḍl, was one of the chiefs of the nomads who crossed over to the army between ‘Aydhāb and Sawākin and accompanied them.		The Regent (''mutamallik'') of Sawākin came to make his submission and show obedience to the orders of the Sultan. Every year he brought a tribute to the Sultan consisting of eighty slaves, three-hundred camels, thirty ''qinṭār'' of ivory. He had his residence at Sawākin where he acted as Representative (''niyāba'') of the Sultan. The army remained at Sawākin for six days, then departed taking with them the Awlād Muhnā, one of whom, by name Faḍl, was one of the chiefs of the nomads who crossed over to the army between ‘Aydhāb and Sawākin and accompanied them.

	The army, in order to round up the nomads, entered the desert following their tracks and marched for seventeen days. On the way, they clashed with some clans of Blacks (''sūdān'') near the watering places and defeated them. They killed some and others they took prisoner and took a large haul of their cattle as booty, i.e. oxen and sheep. They proceeded as far as Wādī Aytrīb, where they arrived on the seventeenth day, and stopped there' for two days. Since the day they had left Sawākin they had found no water except in one place. They drank from rain pools, because in that desert there were rains out of season, surely provided by God out of His mercy for His faithful to save them from death. They proceeded further to Azbīnāt, a mountain on the bank of the ''Atbarā'' River - which is one of the tributaries of the Nile of Egypt coming from Ethiopia (''bilād al-Ḥabasha''). They stayed there one day. Then they moved in pursuit of the nomads following their tracks along that river for three '''[p. 490]''' days, having the river on their right hand. They went into the desert as far as the land of ''at-Tākā''. After three days marching in the desert they arrived at Jabāl ''Kaslān'', a mountain of barren rock (''aqraʾ''). Nothing else is found in that desert other than that mountain and another called Jabāl ''Alūs''. Between the two mountains there is a river (''wādī''); this mountain (''Alūs'') marks the border of the country of ''at-Tākā'' on the side of ''al-Ḥabasha''. When they arrived there and were near the water - in a desert of yellow ground similar to the Baysan country near the Dead Sea Depression (''Ghūr ash-Shām''), but rich in forests of ''sanṭ'' (Acacia Nilotica), ''umm ghaylān'' (Sweet Lote-tree), ''ihlīlaj'' (Myrobalan tree), ''abanūs'' (ebony) ''ʿaqr'', ''ḥarr'' drom which tamarind (''at-tamar hindī'') is made - a sand storm rose ahead of them; therefore they urged some guides to explore the way. They returned reporting that a clan of sūdān called ''Halanka''<ref>Al-‘Ayni (~~‘Iqd~~ al-jumān, MS Cairo, Dar al-Kutub, Ta’rīkh 7584, fol. 58) calls them Halanka, which is near the modern pronunciation ~~“Halanqa”~~. (~~cut off text)~~)</ref> had gathered together in great numbers to fight the army. The army, who meantime made ready in fighting trim, stood in an open area devoid of trees; it was a torrent bed, like a pool, with a narrow pass. They entered that pass with their heavy equipment (athqāl); their camels entered straight into the pass while the Halanka were staying in the upper position around the brim of the pool; the troops were in the lower parts. The Halanka were armed with spears (~~hirāb~~), javelins (mazārīq) and swords (suyūf); some of them also had arrows. The army halted and sent them a messenger saying: "We have not come to fight you, but to seize a party of rebel Arabs who have caused destruction by cutting the roads!" The army gave chew assurance, but they replied they would refuse any proposal short of fighting. Then the army fired only one shower of arrows killing four hundred and sixty Halanka and wounding many others. The army ~~couid~~ not make any prisoner because the Halanka preferred to be killed rather than to fall prisoner. Two of the Halanka kinglets (mulūk) were killed, according to the report made by some soldiers of the army who had a meeting with the Halanka. And this is tow they met, and later had a. safe escape from them. A few soldiers being asleep were cut off behind the army and were surprised by scouts of the Halanka, who seized them and brought them to their chiefs (akābir). The chiefs questioned them: "Who are you?" There were (among them) some who knew the language of the natives (qawm). They answered: "We are merchants. This army assailed us, robbed us of all we had and caught us prisoner; but while the array was engaged in a battle we ran away.” They showed them mercy and told them that they had suffered that number of casualties.		The army, in order to round up the nomads, entered the desert following their tracks and marched for seventeen days. On the way, they clashed with some clans of Blacks (''sūdān'') near the watering places and defeated them. They killed some and others they took prisoner and took a large haul of their cattle as booty, i.e. oxen and sheep. They proceeded as far as Wādī Aytrīb, where they arrived on the seventeenth day, and stopped there' for two days. Since the day they had left Sawākin they had found no water except in one place. They drank from rain pools, because in that desert there were rains out of season, surely provided by God out of His mercy for His faithful to save them from death. They proceeded further to ''Azbīnāt'', a mountain on the bank of the ''Atbarā'' River - which is one of the tributaries of the Nile of Egypt coming from Ethiopia (''bilād al-Ḥabasha''). They stayed there one day. Then they moved in pursuit of the nomads following their tracks along that river for three '''[p. 490]''' days, having the river on their right hand. They went into the desert as far as the land of ''at-Tākā''. After three days marching in the desert they arrived at Jabāl ''Kaslān'', a mountain of barren rock (''aqraʾ''). Nothing else is found in that desert other than that mountain and another called Jabāl ''Alūs''. Between the two mountains there is a river (''wādī''); this mountain (''Alūs'') marks the border of the country of ''at-Tākā'' on the side of ''al-Ḥabasha''. When they arrived there and were near the water - in a desert of yellow ground similar to the Baysan country near the Dead Sea Depression (''Ghūr ash-Shām''), but rich in forests of ''sanṭ'' (Acacia Nilotica), ''umm ghaylān'' (Sweet Lote-tree), ''ihlīlaj'' (Myrobalan tree), ''abanūs'' (ebony) ''ʿaqr'', ''ḥarr'' drom which tamarind (''at-tamar hindī'') is made - a sand storm rose ahead of them; therefore they urged some guides to explore the way. They returned reporting that a clan of sūdān called ''Halanka''<ref>Al-‘Ayni (''ʿIqd al-jumān'', MS Cairo, Dar al-Kutub, Ta’rīkh 7584, fol. 58) calls them Halanka, which is near the modern pronunciation “''Halanqa''”. (Dr. Yusuf Fadl Hasan, ''The Arabs and the Sudan'', p. 233, n. 217).</ref> had gathered together in great numbers to fight the army. The army, who meantime made ready in fighting trim, stood in an open area devoid of trees; it was a torrent bed, like a pool, with a narrow pass. They entered that pass with their heavy equipment (''athqāl''); their camels entered straight into the pass while the Halanka were staying in the upper position around the brim of the pool; the troops were in the lower parts. The Halanka were armed with spears (''ḥirāb''), javelins (''mazārīq'') and swords (''suyūf''); some of them also had arrows. The army halted and sent them a messenger saying: "We have not come to fight you, but to seize a party of rebel Arabs who have caused destruction by cutting the roads!" The '''[p. 491]''' army gave chew assurance, but they replied they would refuse any proposal short of fighting. Then the army fired only one shower of arrows killing four hundred and sixty Halanka and wounding many others. The army could not make any prisoner because the Halanka preferred to be killed rather than to fall prisoner. Two of the Halanka kinglets (''mulūk)'' were killed, according to the report made by some soldiers of the army who had a meeting with the Halanka. And this is tow they met, and later had a safe escape from them. A few soldiers being asleep were cut off behind the army and were surprised by scouts of the Halanka, who seized them and brought them to their chiefs (''akābir''). The chiefs questioned them: "Who are you?" There were (among them) some who knew the language of the natives (''qawm''). They answered: "We are merchants. This army assailed us, robbed us of all we had and caught us prisoner; but while the array was engaged in a battle we ran away.” They showed them mercy and told them that they had suffered that number of casualties.

	After the defeat of the Halanka, the army retired to the forest, abandoned the loads and took only what they could carry, a little dhurra and their fill of water. They went back the same day, following the same track. This was on the 6th of Rabī' al-Awwal of the year 717 H. (19 May 1317 A.D.). They marched as far as Arbībāb, after which they could not go further on the same way as they were short of water, food and fodder. Therefore, they changed direction and went towards al-Abwāb, which is part of the Nūba country. They followed the Atbara River and marched along its bank for twenty days, their mounts having no other pasture than halfa (Stipa tenacissima). At last they arrived opposite al-Abwāb and stayed there one day. Sayf ad-dīn Abū Bakr, son of the wālī al-~~Nīl~~ ar-rasuliyya (?), on behalf of the governor of the districts of the Qōs went to the Regent (mutamallik) of al-Abwāb. The latter was afraid and would not visit the army, but presented them with two hundred oxen and sheep and dhurra. The army plundered whatever quantity of dhurra they could find in the ~~coun¬try~~, then left for Dunqula where they arrived after seventeen days marching through a land covered with bush, infested with elephants, monkeys, apes and wild beasts called mar’ afīf. They halted there for three days. The king of Dunqula, by name ‘Abdalla Barshanbū, whom we have mentioned above, treated them as guests and supplied them with all they needed.		After the defeat of the Halanka, the army retired to the forest, abandoned the loads and took only what they could carry, a little dhurra and their fill of water. They went back the same day, following the same track. This was on the 6th of Rabī' al-Awwal of the year 717 H. (19 May 1317 A.D.). They marched as far as ''Arbībāb'', after which they could not go further on the same way as they were short of water, food and fodder. Therefore, they changed direction and went towards al-Abwāb, which is part of the Nūba country. They followed the Atbara River and marched along its bank for twenty days, their mounts having no other pasture than ''halfa'' (Stipa tenacissima). At last they arrived opposite al-Abwāb and stayed there one day. Sayf ad-dīn Abū Bakr, son of the '''[p. 492]''' ''wālī al-Līl''<ref>It is not sure whether this is a geographical name or a title.</ref> ''ar-rasuliyya'' (?), on behalf of the governor of the districts of the Qōs went to the Regent (''mutamallik'') of al-Abwāb. The latter was afraid and would not visit the army, but presented them with two hundred oxen and sheep and dhurra. The army plundered whatever quantity of dhurra they could find in the country, then left for Dunqula where they arrived after seventeen days marching through a land covered with bush, infested with elephants, monkeys, apes and wild beasts called ''mar’ afīf''. They halted there for three days. The king of Dunqula, by name ‘Abdalla Barshanbū, whom we have mentioned above, treated them as guests and supplied them with all they needed.

	During this journey the army endured exhausting hardships to such an extent that the sole of their sandals (qatī’a an-ni’āl) was sold for fifty dirhams and a riṭl of biqsumāṭ for one-and-half dirham, if it: could be found. Most of the horses and camels of the array perished. The majority of the soldiers returned to the sea coast of Egypt (ṣāhil Miṣr) (and arrived) in boats, for two reasons: firstly, for lack of cleanliness (~~‘adam~~ ṭuhr), secondly because the Nile had flooded all the country and cut all the roads, so that the only thoroughfare was through mountains. The army arrived at Cairo, the well-guarded (maḥrūsa), on Tuesday 9th Jumadā al-Akhir 710 H. (sic! for 717) (18 August 1317 A.D.).		During this journey the army endured exhausting hardships to such an extent that the sole of their sandals (''qatī’a an-ni’āl'') was sold for fifty dirhams and a riṭl of ''biqsumāṭ'' for one-and-half dirham, if it: could be found. Most of the horses and camels of the array perished. The majority of the soldiers returned to the sea coast of Egypt (''ṣāhil Miṣr'') (and arrived) in boats, for two reasons: firstly, for lack of cleanliness (''ʿadam ṭuhr'')<ref>Perhaps because the soldiers were suspected of carrying some infectious disease into the Nile villages.</ref>, secondly because the Nile had flooded all the country and cut all the roads, so that the only thoroughfare was through mountains. The army arrived at Cairo, the well-guarded (''maḥrūsa''), on Tuesday 9th Jumadā al-Akhir 710 H. (sic! for 717) (18 August 1317 A.D.).

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	[[Category:Literary Sources]]		[[Category:Literary Sources]]

Seignobos at 13:51, 23 January 2015

2015-01-23T13:51:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:51, 23 January 2015
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	During this journey the army endured exhausting hardships to such an extent that the sole of their sandals (qatī’a an-ni’āl) was sold for fifty dirhams and a riṭl of biqsumāṭ for one-and-half dirham, if it: could be found. Most of the horses and camels of the array perished. The majority of the soldiers returned to the sea coast of Egypt (ṣāhil Miṣr) (and arrived) in boats, for two reasons: firstly, for lack of cleanliness (‘adam ṭuhr), secondly because the Nile had flooded all the country and cut all the roads, so that the only thoroughfare was through mountains. The army arrived at Cairo, the well-guarded (maḥrūsa), on Tuesday 9th Jumadā al-Akhir 710 H. (sic! for 717) (18 August 1317 A.D.).		During this journey the army endured exhausting hardships to such an extent that the sole of their sandals (qatī’a an-ni’āl) was sold for fifty dirhams and a riṭl of biqsumāṭ for one-and-half dirham, if it: could be found. Most of the horses and camels of the array perished. The majority of the soldiers returned to the sea coast of Egypt (ṣāhil Miṣr) (and arrived) in boats, for two reasons: firstly, for lack of cleanliness (‘adam ṭuhr), secondly because the Nile had flooded all the country and cut all the roads, so that the only thoroughfare was through mountains. The army arrived at Cairo, the well-guarded (maḥrūsa), on Tuesday 9th Jumadā al-Akhir 710 H. (sic! for 717) (18 August 1317 A.D.).

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	[[Category:Literary Sources]]		[[Category:Literary Sources]]

Seignobos at 13:50, 23 January 2015

2015-01-23T13:50:48Z

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